English Grammar and Composition chapter 7: More about Prepositions

Textbook (verbatim transcription): More about Prepositions

Verbatim transcription of the printed NCTB textbook pages.

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Printed page 65

Unit Seven

More about Prepositions

Lesson 1: Introducing the Preposition A. Read the following passage and notice the words in italics: Jarif and Jawad live at ‘Chadgao Abashik Elaka’ in Chattogram. They wake up early in the morning. They go to bed early at night. They go to school regularly. Jarif needs a bag of books for his new class. Jawad needs a bag for his new school. They go to school by school bus. These words usually establish relations with other words and come before a noun or anything equivalent to a noun. They are called prepositions . Look at the prepositions in the assage again and see the nouns after them: In the first sentence ‘ at ’ gives a relationship between ‘Chadgao Abashik Elaka’ and ‘Jarif and Jawad’. In the second sentence ‘ in ’ creates a relationship between ‘the morning’ and ‘they’. In the third sentence ‘ to ’ and ‘ at ’ respectively create relationship between ‘bed’ and ‘they’; and between ‘night’ and ‘they’. In the fourth sentence ‘to’ establishes a link or relationship between ‘they’ and ‘school’. Guess the relationship of other prepositions with other nouns. Therefore, the words that come before a noun or any noun equivalent to link it with another word of that sentence are prepositions . A preposition is a relating word. Printed page 66

Serial no	Pre-position	Uses	Examples
A	at	before an exact point of time and names of festivals	at 5 o'clock, at that moment, at Christmas.
B	in	Before months, years, seasons, parts of the day etc.	in March, in 2009, in winter, in the morning.
C	by	to indicate the last point of time when an action will be completed	I shall return by three o'clock.
D	for	to denote a period of time	I have known him for three years.
E	since	to refer to a past point of time when an action started and the action is still continued	It has been raining since morning.
F	on	before days and dates	On Monday, on Sunday morning, on the 7th February
G	from	To refer to a past or future point of time	I was in Sylhet from 2002 to 2008. He will be at school from 11:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

Serial no	Pre-position	Uses	Examples
A	at	To mean a particular small area	At the corner, at the starting point, at school, at a small village.
B	in	To mean a vast area, a big city, a country, a valley, a continent	In the street, in Bangladesh, in Africa, in the middle of the city.
C	under	To mean exactly below	The cat is lying under the table.
D	beneath	Used figuratively	It is beneath human dignity to beg.
E	below	At a lower level, but not exactly low	The village below was clearly visible from the top of the mountain.
F	above	To mean higher than	They were flying above the clouds.
G	over	i. Exactly above	He held an umbrella over my head.
ii. Touching and covering a place	Spread the table cloth over the new table.

Serial no	Pre-position	Uses	Example
A	for	Movement towards some place	He has left for home. We shall soon set off for Rajshahi.
B	against	Movement with pressure	The rain was beating against the roof. Lean the umbrella against the wall.
C	at	With certain verbs	Aim at, laugh at, point at, stare at, throw at.
D	To or towards	Movement to some place or thing	He went to Gazipur yesterday. The ship slowly moved towards the harbor.
E	into	Movement inside	Put it into the drawer.
F	from	To mean a starting point	They ran from the station.
G	off	i. To take from the surface of a thing	Take the book from the floor.
ii. To drop from a higher level	He fell off the tree.
H	out of	From inside	He took the pen out of the drawer.

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